In England, how were representatives elected?

Representatives in England were chosen from specific electoral regions known as boroughs and shires, allowing local interests to be represented in Parliament. This practice meant that while the representatives were elected from these areas, there was no requirement for them to actually reside there, which was a significant feature of the electoral system at the time. This system contrasted with more modern practices of direct election, as it emphasized the role of landowners and influential figures rather than the general populace in the electoral process.

The other choices provide different methods of representation that do not align with historical practices in England. For instance, a direct popular vote from the entire population reflects a democratic ideal that developed later, and local councils playing a direct role in elections was not a feature of the parliamentary system during this period. Additionally, appointment by the monarch suggests a system of patronage that would undermine the intended representative nature of Parliament. Thus, the answer highlighting election from boroughs or shires accurately captures the historical context of representative selection in England.