Which English monarch is known for chartering the Roanoke Colony in an attempt to establish control of labor?

The correct answer is Elizabeth I. She is known for her support of early English colonization efforts, including the chartering of the Roanoke Colony in 1584. Elizabeth I's reign marked a period when England sought to expand its influence and control over the New World, particularly as a means to compete with Spain and other European powers.

The Roanoke Colony, although it ultimately failed, represented an early attempt at creating a permanent English settlement in America, aligning with Elizabeth I's broader strategies to control labor and resources. The pursuit of establishing colonies was largely driven by a desire to generate wealth through trade, agriculture, and the extraction of natural resources, which in turn necessitated control over labor.

In contrast, while Henry VIII was focused on domestic matters such as the Reformation and had significant influence on religious changes, he did not engage in colonization. James I succeeded Elizabeth and authorized the establishment of the Jamestown Colony, but he was not the one to charter Roanoke. Charles I came later and was more involved in the conflicts leading to the English Civil War than in colonial administration during Elizabeth’s exploratory period.