Which house in the English Parliament was comprised of untitled gentry and merchants?

The House of Commons is correctly identified as the house in the English Parliament that was comprised of untitled gentry and merchants. This assembly represents the interests of the general populace, particularly those who were not part of the aristocracy but still held significant influence and property. The membership of the House of Commons traditionally included commoners, such as wealthy merchants and landowners, allowing for a broader representation of society compared to the House of Lords, which consisted primarily of the aristocracy and titled nobility.

In the context of the governance structure, the emergence of the House of Commons played a crucial role in shaping modern democratic principles through its representation of the interests of different social classes, including the rising bourgeoisie during the economic changes of the period. This assembly became a powerful force in political decision-making, counterbalancing the more traditional and hierarchical nature of the House of Lords.

The other choices, such as the House of Lords, were composed of peers and clergy, while the Council of Ministers and Royal Court refer to different aspects of the governance and royal administration that do not align with the description of untitled gentry and merchants. Thus, the House of Commons stands as the appropriate answer due to its representation of diverse social strata beyond the aristocracy.