Which of the following was a major outcome of the English Civil War?

The victory of pro-Parliament forces was a significant outcome of the English Civil War, which took place from 1642 to 1651. This conflict pitted the supporters of King Charles I, known as Royalists or Cavaliers, against the Parliamentarians, who sought greater power and authority for Parliament. The victory of the Parliamentarians led to a dramatic shift in the political landscape of England, establishing the principle that sovereignty resided in Parliament rather than the monarchy.

This victory ultimately resulted in the execution of King Charles I in 1649, the abolition of the monarchy, and the establishment of the Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell. This period represented a pivotal moment in the struggle for political power in England, moving towards a system that would eventually lead to a constitutional monarchy, though that would not be fully realized until after the Glorious Revolution of 1688.

The other options are less relevant in the context of direct outcomes of the Civil War. The expansion of the British Empire occurred later and was not a result of the conflict. The establishment of an absolute monarchy runs counter to the outcomes of the Civil War, as the war challenged and ultimately undermined the absolute rule of the king. Finally, while the unification of the Scottish and English crowns